Copper, Serum
Total copper circulating in your blood — the bound and the unbound together. On its own it cannot tell you how much is free, which is why it is never read without ceruloplasmin next to it.
What the numbers mean
These are the ranges BioForge works to. They are not the same as a lab's reference range, which is built from the general population rather than from people who feel well.
What moves Copper, Serum
Rises with copper-bearing peptides delivered under the skin, copper IUDs, copper plumbing, and — importantly — with estrogen, oral contraceptives, pregnancy and any inflammation, none of which mean you are copper loaded. Falls with high-dose zinc, gastric surgery and malabsorption. The number that matters is not this one alone but the free fraction calculated from it and ceruloplasmin.
Related markers in Vitamins, Minerals & Exposure
This page is educational and is not medical advice. Ranges are general and do not account for your history, medications or symptoms — a single number never decides a protocol. Your results are interpreted by a licensed clinician alongside everything else about you. Back to the Learning Center
Want to know where your numbers actually sit?
Every BioForge protocol starts from your own bloodwork. The first 15-to-30-minute call is free.